Small Game Spotlight: Michigan Squirrels

Olivia Triltsch • January 15, 2026

History

Squirrels have been part of Michigan’s forests and woodlands since before European settlement, thriving in diverse habitats from dense hardwood forests to open parklands. The state is home to nine different squirrel species, ranging from tree-dwelling fox and gray squirrels to ground squirrels and chipmunks, according to the Michigan DNR. These adaptable mammals have colonized nearly every corner of the state, commonly found living near people in urban parks and rural woodlots. While they are small and common, squirrels play important roles in forest ecology. 

Characteristics

The various species of squirrels differ widely in appearance and habitat preferences. Eastern gray squirrels are medium in size with a white belly and gray body, as the name suggests. Both the gray squirrel and fox squirrel species can also be melanistic, which offers a black-furred color variant. The eastern fox squirrel is larger than the gray squirrel with a rust-colored belly contrasting with the . Fox squirrels readily adapt to urban environments, where gray squirrels tend to be bold but remain near tree cover. In contrast to these larger species, red squirrels are small with reddish-brown fur and white bellies. There are two flying squirrel species in Michigan (northern and southern), but they are nocturnal, unlike the other squirrel species in the state. 

Status

In general, squirrel populations in Michigan are considered healthy and widespread. Squirrels contribute to forest regeneration and serve as both predator and prey in the food web. Because they are not threatened or endangered, most squirrel species are not the focus of special conservation listings. However, healthy habitat, including mature trees for nesting and forests with abundant mast (nuts like acorns and hickory), is crucial for maintaining robust squirrel numbers across the state. Protecting mast-producing trees and diverse forests benefits squirrels, other wildlife species, and overall ecosystem health. 

Conservation

Even though squirrel populations are generally stable, Michigan’s wildlife managers and conservation partners continue to support healthy forests and sustainable hunting opportunities. Habitat conservation efforts that benefit squirrels include maintaining mast-producing trees, protecting mature woodlands, and managing forest edges that provide food and cover. Hunters can support forest conservation by purchasing base hunting licenses, which fund habitat projects, and by participating in local conservation activities such as tree planting, controlled burns, and brush pile creation that help diversify wildlife habitat. 


Understanding squirrel ecology also helps landowners and naturalists make informed decisions about forestry, wildlife food sources, and land management. These rodents play an important role in forest ecology by dispersing seeds and nuts, and the food they cache often sprouts into new trees and plants. Michigan’s DNR provides guidance on habitat management and small-game species that supports both hunting and wildlife conservation goals.  


Image (right): Father and son on opening day of squirrel season, courtesy of John Flores, USFWS.

Michigan offers several hunting opportunities for squirrel species as part of its small-game hunting seasons. Most fox and gray squirrels can be hunted statewide from September 15 through March 31, with a daily bag limit of five squirrels and a possession limit of ten during that period. Red squirrels, along with some ground squirrels and woodchucks, may be taken year-round with a valid license. 


Squirrel hunting is popular among small-game hunters because it is accessible, often yields quick action, and can be done across much of the state during a long season. Hunters seeking squirrels are encouraged to scout mast-producing woodlands (oak, hickory, walnut) where squirrels gather food, especially during early fall and winter when nuts are most abundant. 

Learn More

Whether you’re a seasoned small-game hunter or backyard wildlife enthusiast, there are many resources available to help you learn more about squirrels and Michigan wildlife. Details on the species of squirrel in Michigan can be found on the Michigan DNR webpage. Information about hunting squirrels can be found in the Michigan DNR Small Game Digest, which provides season dates and bag limits. 


If you are looking to get involved in working to conserve habitat for wildlife, consider joining Michigan United Conservation Clubs and our fight to conserve, protect, and enhance Michigan's natural resources and outdoor heritage. Other options to help conserve Michigan include making donations or volunteering for wildlife habitat improvement. Our award-winning On the Ground program is looking for passionate volunteers to enhance wildlife habitat across the state. If you are interested in getting involved or learning more about the program, visit our habitat website.     

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